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How to Read From 2nd Row Xlsx to Sas

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Spreadsheet, part of Microsoft Role

Microsoft Excel
Microsoft Office Excel (2019–present).svg
Microsoft Excel.png

A simple line chart beingness created in Excel, running on Windows 10
Developer(south) Microsoft
Initial release 1987; 35 years ago  (1987)
Stable release

2103 (16.0.13901.20400) / April 13, 2021; 10 months ago  (2021-04-13) [1]

Operating arrangement Microsoft Windows
Type Spreadsheet
License Trialware[2]
Website products.office.com/en-us/excel
Microsoft Excel for Mac
Excel for Mac screenshot.png

Excel for Mac (version 16.44), running on macOS Mojave 10.14.6
Developer(s) Microsoft
Initial release September 30, 1985; 36 years ago  (1985-09-30)
Stable release

16.56 (Build 21121100) / Dec 14, 2021; 2 months ago  (2021-12-fourteen) [3]

Operating organisation macOS
Type Spreadsheet
License Proprietary commercial software
Website products.office.com/mac
Microsoft Excel for Android
Programmer(s) Microsoft Corporation
Stable release

16.0.14729.20146 / December 22, 2021; 2 months ago  (2021-12-22) [4]

Operating system Android Oreo and subsequently
Blazon Spreadsheet
License Proprietary commercial software
Website products.office.com/en-us/excel
Microsoft Excel for iOS
Developer(s) Microsoft Corporation
Stable release

2.56 / December 12, 2021; two months ago  (2021-12-12) [five]

Operating system iOS 14 or later
IPadOS 14 or later
Type Spreadsheet
License Proprietary commercial software
Website products.office.com/en-the states/excel

Microsoft Excel is a spreadsheet developed past Microsoft for Windows, macOS, Android and iOS. It features calculation or computation capabilities, graphing tools, pivot tables, and a macro programming language called Visual Basic for Applications (VBA). Excel forms part of the Microsoft Office suite of software.

Features

Bones operation

Microsoft Excel has the basic features of all spreadsheets,[6] using a grid of cells arranged in numbered rows and letter-named columns to organize data manipulations like arithmetic operations. Information technology has a battery of supplied functions to answer statistical, engineering, and financial needs. In improver, it can display information every bit line graphs, histograms and charts, and with a very limited 3-dimensional graphical display. It allows sectioning of data to view its dependencies on various factors for different perspectives (using pivot tables and the scenario manager).[7]> A PivotTable is a tool for data analysis. It does this by simplifying large information sets via PivotTable fields It has a programming attribute, Visual Bones for Applications, allowing the user to utilize a wide diversity of numerical methods, for example, for solving differential equations of mathematical physics,[8] [9] and then reporting the results dorsum to the spreadsheet. It also has a variety of interactive features allowing user interfaces that tin completely hide the spreadsheet from the user, and so the spreadsheet presents itself equally a and so-chosen application, or decision back up organisation (DSS), via a custom-designed user interface, for example, a stock analyzer,[10] or in full general, every bit a design tool that asks the user questions and provides answers and reports.[11] [12] In a more elaborate realization, an Excel awarding can automatically poll external databases and measuring instruments using an update schedule,[xiii] clarify the results, make a Word report or PowerPoint slide prove, and e-mail these presentations on a regular ground to a list of participants. Excel was not designed to be used equally a database.[ commendation needed ]

Microsoft allows for a number of optional command-line switches to control the manner in which Excel starts.[14]

Functions

Excel 2016 has 484 functions.[xv] Of these, 360 existed prior to Excel 2010. Microsoft classifies these functions in 14 categories. Of the 484 current functions, 386 may be called from VBA as methods of the object "WorksheetFunction"[16] and 44 have the same names every bit VBA functions.[17]

With the introduction of LAMBDA, Excel will get Turing consummate.[18]

Macro programming

VBA programming

Use of a user-defined part sq(x) in Microsoft Excel. The named variables x & y are identified in the Name Managing director. The part sq is introduced using the Visual Basic editor supplied with Excel.

Subroutine in Excel calculates the square of named column variable x read from the spreadsheet, and writes it into the named column variable y.

The Windows version of Excel supports programming through Microsoft's Visual Basic for Applications (VBA), which is a dialect of Visual Basic. Programming with VBA allows spreadsheet manipulation that is bad-mannered or impossible with standard spreadsheet techniques. Programmers may write code direct using the Visual Basic Editor (VBE), which includes a window for writing lawmaking, debugging code, and code module system environment. The user can implement numerical methods as well as automating tasks such every bit formatting or data organization in VBA[19] and guide the calculation using any desired intermediate results reported dorsum to the spreadsheet.

VBA was removed from Mac Excel 2008, equally the developers did not believe that a timely release would let porting the VBA engine natively to Mac OS X. VBA was restored in the next version, Mac Excel 2011,[20] although the build lacks support for ActiveX objects, impacting some loftier level programmer tools.[21]

A common and like shooting fish in a barrel way to generate VBA lawmaking is past using the Macro Recorder.[22] The Macro Recorder records actions of the user and generates VBA code in the form of a macro. These actions can then be repeated automatically by running the macro. The macros tin can also be linked to dissimilar trigger types like keyboard shortcuts, a control push or a graphic. The actions in the macro can exist executed from these trigger types or from the generic toolbar options. The VBA code of the macro tin can also be edited in the VBE. Certain features such as loop functions and screen prompt by their own backdrop, and some graphical display items, cannot be recorded but must be entered into the VBA module directly by the developer. Advanced users tin can employ user prompts to create an interactive program, or react to events such as sheets being loaded or inverse.

Macro Recorded code may not be uniform with Excel versions. Some code that is used in Excel 2010 cannot be used in Excel 2003. Making a Macro that changes the cell colors and making changes to other aspects of cells may non be backward uniform.

VBA code interacts with the spreadsheet through the Excel Object Model,[23] a vocabulary identifying spreadsheet objects, and a set up of supplied functions or methods that enable reading and writing to the spreadsheet and interaction with its users (for example, through custom toolbars or command bars and message boxes). User-created VBA subroutines execute these actions and operate like macros generated using the macro recorder, but are more flexible and efficient.

History

From its first version Excel supported finish-user programming of macros (automation of repetitive tasks) and user-defined functions (extension of Excel'due south congenital-in function library). In early versions of Excel, these programs were written in a macro language whose statements had formula syntax and resided in the cells of special-purpose macro sheets (stored with file extension .XLM in Windows.) XLM was the default macro language for Excel through Excel four.0.[24] First with version v.0 Excel recorded macros in VBA by default but with version 5.0 XLM recording was still allowed as an option. After version 5.0 that option was discontinued. All versions of Excel, including Excel 2010 are capable of running an XLM macro, though Microsoft discourages their use.[25]

Charts

Graph fabricated using Microsoft Excel

Excel supports charts, graphs, or histograms generated from specified groups of cells. It also supports Pivot Charts that allow for a chart to exist linked directly to a Pivot tabular array. This allows the chart to be refreshed with the Pivot Tabular array. The generated graphic component can either be embedded within the current sheet or added every bit a carve up object.

These displays are dynamically updated if the content of cells changes. For example, suppose that the of import design requirements are displayed visually; then, in response to a user's modify in trial values for parameters, the curves describing the pattern change shape, and their points of intersection shift, assisting the selection of the best design.

Add together-ins

Additional features are bachelor using add-ins. Several are provided with Excel, including:

  • Assay ToolPak: Provides information analysis tools for statistical and engineering analysis (includes analysis of variance and regression assay)
  • Analysis ToolPak VBA: VBA functions for Analysis ToolPak
  • Euro Currency Tools: Conversion and formatting for euro currency
  • Solver Add-In: Tools for optimization and equation solving

Excel for the web

Excel for the spider web is a free lightweight version of Microsoft Excel available equally role of Function on the web, which also includes web versions of Microsoft Word and Microsoft PowerPoint.

Excel for the web can display most of the features bachelor in the desktop versions of Excel, although it may not be able to insert or edit them. Certain data connections are not attainable on Excel for the web, including with charts that may utilise these external connections. Excel for the web besides cannot display legacy features, such as Excel 4.0 macros or Excel 5.0 dialog sheets. There are also small differences betwixt how some of the Excel functions work.[26]

Information storage and communication

Number of rows and columns

Versions of Excel up to seven.0 had a limitation in the size of their data sets of 16K (214 = xvi384 ) rows. Versions 8.0 through 11.0 could handle 64K (2sixteen = 65536 ) rows and 256 columns (28 equally label 'IV'). Version 12.0 onwards, including the current Version sixteen.x, tin can handle over 1M (220 = 1048 576 ) rows, and 16384 (ii14, labeled as cavalcade 'XFD') columns.[27]

File formats

Excel Spreadsheet
Filename extension

.xls, (.xlsx, .xlsm, .xlsb - Excel 2007)
Internet media blazon

application/vnd.ms-excel
Uniform Blazon Identifier (UTI) com.microsoft.excel.xls
Adult past Microsoft
Type of format Spreadsheet

Microsoft Excel upward until 2007 version used a proprietary binary file format chosen Excel Binary File Format (.XLS) as its master format.[28] Excel 2007 uses Role Open XML as its primary file format, an XML-based format that followed afterwards a previous XML-based format chosen "XML Spreadsheet" ("XMLSS"), starting time introduced in Excel 2002.[29]

Although supporting and encouraging the use of new XML-based formats as replacements, Excel 2007 remained backwards-uniform with the traditional, binary formats. In improver, virtually versions of Microsoft Excel tin can read CSV, DBF, SYLK, DIF, and other legacy formats. Support for some older file formats was removed in Excel 2007.[30] The file formats were mainly from DOS-based programs.

Binary

OpenOffice.org has created documentation of the Excel format. Two epochs of the format exist: the 97-2003 OLE format, and the older stream format.[31] Microsoft has made the Excel binary format specification available to freely download.[32]

XML Spreadsheet

The XML Spreadsheet format introduced in Excel 2002[29] is a simple, XML based format missing some more advanced features like storage of VBA macros. Though the intended file extension for this format is .xml, the programme likewise correctly handles XML files with .xls extension. This feature is widely used by third-party applications (e.g. MySQL Query Browser) to offer "export to Excel" capabilities without implementing binary file format. The following instance will be correctly opened by Excel if saved either as Book1.xml or Book1.xls: 

                        <?xml version="1.0"?>            <Workbook            xmlns=            "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:role:spreadsheet"            xmlns:o=            "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office"            xmlns:x=            "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:function:excel"            xmlns:ss=            "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:role:spreadsheet"            xmlns:html=            "http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-html40"            >            <Worksheet            ss:Name=            "Sheet1"            >            <Table            ss:ExpandedColumnCount=            "2"            ss:ExpandedRowCount=            "ii"            x:FullColumns=            "1"            10:FullRows=            "1"            >            <Row>            <Cell><Data            ss:Type=            "String"            >Name</Data></Jail cell>            <Cell><Information            ss:Blazon=            "String"            >Instance</Information></Jail cell>            </Row>            <Row>            <Cell><Information            ss:Type=            "String"            >Value</Data></Cell>            <Cell><Data            ss:Blazon=            "Number"            >123</Data></Prison cell>            </Row>            </Table>            </Worksheet>            </Workbook>

Current file extensions

Microsoft Excel 2007, along with the other products in the Microsoft Office 2007 suite, introduced new file formats. The first of these (.xlsx) is defined in the Role Open up XML (OOXML) specification.

Excel 2007 formats
Format Extension Description
Excel Workbook .xlsx The default Excel 2007 and after workbook format. In reality, a Cypher compressed archive with a directory structure of XML text documents. Functions as the primary replacement for the former binary .xls format, although information technology does not support Excel macros for security reasons. Saving equally .xlsx offers file size reduction over .xls[33]
Excel Macro-enabled Workbook .xlsm As Excel Workbook, just with macro support.
Excel Binary Workbook .xlsb As Excel Macro-enabled Workbook, simply storing information in binary form rather than XML documents for opening and saving documents more quickly and efficiently. Intended specially for very big documents with tens of thousands of rows, and/or several hundreds of columns. This format is very useful for shrinking large Excel files equally is oft the case when doing data analysis.
Excel Macro-enabled Template .xltm A template certificate that forms a basis for bodily workbooks, with macro support. The replacement for the old .xlt format.
Excel Add-in .xlam Excel add together-in to add extra functionality and tools. Inherent macro support because of the file purpose.

Old file extensions

Format Extension Clarification
Spreadsheet .xls Chief spreadsheet format which holds data in worksheets, charts, and macros
Add-in (VBA) .xla Adds custom functionality; written in VBA
Toolbar .xlb The file extension where Microsoft Excel custom toolbar settings are stored.
Nautical chart .xlc A chart created with data from a Microsoft Excel spreadsheet that only saves the nautical chart. To relieve the nautical chart and spreadsheet save equally .XLS. XLC is non supported in Excel 2007 or in whatsoever newer versions of Excel.
Dialog .xld Used in older versions of Excel.
Archive .xlk A fill-in of an Excel Spreadsheet
Add-in (DLL) .xll Adds custom functionality; written in C++/C, Visual Basic, Fortran, etc. and compiled in to a special dynamic-link library
Macro .xlm A macro is created past the user or pre-installed with Excel.
Template .xlt A pre-formatted spreadsheet created by the user or past Microsoft Excel.
Module .xlv A module is written in VBA (Visual Bones for Applications) for Microsoft Excel
Library .DLL Code written in VBA may access functions in a DLL, typically this is used to access the Windows API
Workspace .xlw Arrangement of the windows of multiple Workbooks

Using other Windows applications

Windows applications such as Microsoft Admission and Microsoft Discussion, besides equally Excel tin can communicate with each other and apply each other's capabilities. The most common are Dynamic Data Substitution: although strongly deprecated past Microsoft, this is a common method to send data between applications running on Windows, with official MS publications referring to it equally "the protocol from hell".[34] As the name suggests, it allows applications to supply data to others for calculation and display. It is very common in fiscal markets, beingness used to connect to of import fiscal data services such as Bloomberg and Reuters.

OLE Object Linking and Embedding allows a Windows application to control another to enable information technology to format or summate data. This may take on the course of "embedding" where an application uses some other to handle a task that it is more suited to, for example a PowerPoint presentation may exist embedded in an Excel spreadsheet or vice versa.[35] [36] [37] [38]

Using external information

Excel users tin admission external data sources via Microsoft Office features such every bit (for example) .odc connections congenital with the Part Data Connexion file format. Excel files themselves may be updated using a Microsoft supplied ODBC driver.

Excel tin can accept information in real-fourth dimension through several programming interfaces, which allow information technology to communicate with many data sources such as Bloomberg and Reuters (through addins such as Power Plus Pro).

  • DDE: "Dynamic Data Exchange" uses the message passing machinery in Windows to allow data to catamenia between Excel and other applications. Although it is piece of cake for users to create such links, programming such links reliably is so difficult that Microsoft, the creators of the system, officially refer to information technology as "the protocol from hell".[34] In spite of its many issues DDE remains the about common fashion for data to accomplish traders in financial markets.
  • Network DDE Extended the protocol to let spreadsheets on unlike computers to exchange information. Starting with Windows Vista, Microsoft no longer supports the facility.[39]
  • Existent Time Data: RTD although in many ways technically superior to DDE, has been boring to gain acceptance, since it requires non-piddling programming skills, and when offset released was neither fairly documented nor supported past the major data vendors.[xl] [41]

Alternatively, Microsoft Query provides ODBC-based browsing within Microsoft Excel.[42] [43] [44]

Export and migration of spreadsheets

Programmers have produced APIs to open Excel spreadsheets in a multifariousness of applications and environments other than Microsoft Excel. These include opening Excel documents on the spider web using either ActiveX controls, or plugins like the Adobe Wink Histrion. The Apache POI opensource project provides Java libraries for reading and writing Excel spreadsheet files. ExcelPackage is another open up-source projection that provides server-side generation of Microsoft Excel 2007 spreadsheets. PHPExcel is a PHP library that converts Excel5, Excel 2003, and Excel 2007 formats into objects for reading and writing within a web application. Excel Services is a current .NET developer tool that can heighten Excel'southward capabilities. Excel spreadsheets can exist accessed from Python with xlrd and openpyxl. js-xlsx and js-xls can open Excel spreadsheets from JavaScript.

Countersign protection

Microsoft Excel protection offers several types of passwords:

  • Password to open a document[45]
  • Password to alter a document[46]
  • Password to unprotect the worksheet
  • Password to protect workbook
  • Countersign to protect the sharing workbook[47]

All passwords except password to open a document tin be removed instantly regardless of the Microsoft Excel version used to create the document. These types of passwords are used primarily for shared work on a certificate. Such password-protected documents are not encrypted, and a information sources from a set up countersign is saved in a certificate'south header. Password to protect workbook is an exception – when it is set, a certificate is encrypted with the standard password "VelvetSweatshop", simply since it is known to the public, it really does not add any extra protection to the document. The only type of password that tin forbid a trespasser from gaining admission to a document is password to open a document. The cryptographic strength of this kind of protection depends strongly on the Microsoft Excel version that was used to create the document.

In Microsoft Excel 95 and earlier versions, the password to open is converted to a 16-bit key that can be instantly cracked. In Excel 97/2000 the countersign is converted to a 40-bit central, which can also exist cracked very quickly using modern equipment. Equally regards services that use rainbow tables (eastward.1000. Countersign-Find), it takes up to several seconds to remove protection. In addition, password-cracking programs can brute-strength attack passwords at a rate of hundreds of thousands of passwords a second, which not only lets them decrypt a document just as well detect the original countersign.

In Excel 2003/XP the encryption is slightly better – a user can cull whatever encryption algorithm that is available in the organization (meet Cryptographic Service Provider). Due to the CSP, an Excel file tin't be decrypted, and thus the countersign to open up tin can't exist removed, though the brute-force set on speed remains quite high. Withal, the older Excel 97/2000 algorithm is ready by the default. Therefore, users who do not change the default settings lack reliable protection of their documents.

The situation inverse fundamentally in Excel 2007, where the modern AES algorithm with a primal of 128 $.25 started being used for decryption, and a 50,000-fold use of the hash function SHA1 reduced the speed of brute-force attacks down to hundreds of passwords per second. In Excel 2010, the strength of the protection past the default was increased two times due to the use of a 100,000-fold SHA1 to convert a password to a key.

Microsoft Excel Viewer

Microsoft Excel Viewer was a freeware program for Microsoft Windows for viewing and press spreadsheet documents created by Excel.[48] Microsoft retired the viewer in April 2018 with the last security update released in February 2019 for Excel Viewer 2007 (SP3).[49] [50]

The first version released by Microsoft was Excel 97 Viewer.[51] [52] Excel 97 Viewer was supported in Windows CE for Handheld PCs.[53] In October 2004, Microsoft released Excel Viewer 2003.[54] In September 2007, Microsoft released Excel Viewer 2003 Service Pack 3 (SP3).[55] In January 2008, Microsoft released Excel Viewer 2007 (featuring a non-collapsible Ribbon interface).[56] In April 2009, Microsoft released Excel Viewer 2007 Service Pack 2 (SP2).[57] In October 2011, Microsoft released Excel Viewer 2007 Service Pack three (SP3).[58]

Microsoft advises to view and print Excel files for free to use the Excel Mobile awarding for Windows 10 and for Windows seven and Windows eight to upload the file to OneDrive and employ Excel for the spider web with a Microsoft account to open them in a browser.[49] [59]

Quirks

In improver to problems with spreadsheets in general, other bug specific to Excel include numeric precision, misleading statistics functions, mod part errors, appointment limitations and more.

Numeric precision

Excel maintains 15 figures in its numbers, but they are not always accurate: the lesser line should be the same every bit the top line.

Despite the use of 15-effigy precision, Excel tin display many more figures (up to xxx) upon user request. But the displayed figures are non those actually used in its computations, and so, for case, the divergence of two numbers may differ from the deviation of their displayed values. Although such departures are usually beyond the 15th decimal, exceptions do occur, specially for very large or very small-scale numbers. Serious errors tin can occur if decisions are made based upon automated comparisons of numbers (for example, using the Excel If part), as equality of two numbers can be unpredictable.[ citation needed ]

In the effigy, the fraction one/9000 is displayed in Excel. Although this number has a decimal representation that is an infinite string of ones, Excel displays only the leading fifteen figures. In the 2d line, the number one is added to the fraction, and again Excel displays merely 15 figures. In the third line, 1 is subtracted from the sum using Excel. Because the sum in the 2d line has only eleven 1's afterwards the decimal, the deviation when 1 is subtracted from this displayed value is three 0's followed by a string of 11 one's. However, the difference reported by Excel in the 3rd line is three 0's followed past a string of thirteen i'southward and two extra erroneous digits. This is because Excel calculates with about half a digit more than than information technology displays.

Excel works with a modified 1985 version of the IEEE 754 specification.[60] Excel'south implementation involves conversions between binary and decimal representations, leading to accuracy that is on average meliorate than one would expect from uncomplicated fifteen digit precision, but that can be worse. Run into the main commodity for details.

Besides accurateness in user computations, the question of accuracy in Excel-provided functions may be raised. Particularly in the arena of statistical functions, Excel has been criticized for sacrificing accuracy for speed of calculation.[61] [62]

Every bit many calculations in Excel are executed using VBA, an additional issue is the accuracy of VBA, which varies with variable blazon and user-requested precision.[63]

Statistical functions

The accuracy and convenience of statistical tools in Excel has been criticized,[64] [65] [66] [67] [68] equally mishandling missing information, every bit returning incorrect values due to inept handling of circular-off and big numbers, as just selectively updating calculations on a spreadsheet when some cell values are changed, and as having a limited ready of statistical tools. Microsoft has announced some of these issues are addressed in Excel 2010.[69]

Excel Modern function error

Excel has issues with modulo operations. In the instance of excessively large results, Excel will return the mistake warning #NUM! instead of an respond.[70]

Fictional leap twenty-four hours in the yr 1900

Excel includes Feb 29, 1900, incorrectly treating 1900 as a leap year, even though e.g. 2100 is correctly treated equally a non-bound twelvemonth.[71] [72] The issues originated from Lotus 1-2-3 (deliberately implemented to salve computer retention), and was too purposely implemented in Excel, for the purpose of bug compatibility.[73] This legacy has later been carried over into Office Open XML file format.[74]

Thus a (not necessarily whole) number greater than or equal to 61 interpreted as a date and fourth dimension are the (real) number of days after December 30, 1899, 0:00, a non-negative number less than threescore is the number of days after December 31, 1899, 0:00, and numbers with whole part 60 represent the fictional day.

Date range

Excel supports dates with years in the range 1900–9999, except that December 31, 1899, can be entered as 0 and is displayed as 0-january-1900.

Converting a fraction of a 24-hour interval into hours, minutes and days by treating it as a moment on the solar day January i, 1900, does not work for a negative fraction.[75]

Conversion problems

Entering text that happens to exist in a course that is interpreted as a engagement, the text can be unintentionally inverse to a standard date format. A like trouble occurs when a text happens to be in the form of a floating-signal notation of a number. In these cases the original verbal text cannot exist recovered from the result. Formatting the cell as TEXT before inbound ambiguous text prevents Excel from converting to a date.

This issue has caused a well known problem in the analysis of Deoxyribonucleic acid, for example in bioinformatics. As start reported in 2004,[76] genetic scientists constitute that Excel automatically and incorrectly converts certain gene names into dates. A follow-up written report in 2016 constitute many peer reviewed scientific journal papers had been affected and that "Of the selected journals, the proportion of published manufactures with Excel files containing gene lists that are afflicted past factor name errors is 19.6 %."[77] Excel parses the copied and pasted data and sometimes changes them depending on what it thinks they are. For instance, MARCH1 (Membrane Associated Ring-CH-blazon finger 1) gets converted to the date March 1 (1-Mar) and SEPT2 (Septin 2) is converted into September 2 (ii-Sep) etc.[78] While some secondary news sources[79] reported this equally a fault with Excel, the original authors of the 2016 paper placed the blame with the researchers misusing Excel.[77] [lxxx]

In August 2020 the HUGO Cistron Nomenclature Committee (HGNC) published new guidelines in the journal Nature regarding cistron naming in order to avert issues with "symbols that affect data handling and retrieval." And then far 27 genes have been renamed, including changing MARCH1 to MARCHF1 and SEPT1 to SEPTIN1 in gild to avoid accidental conversion of the cistron names into dates.[81]

Errors with large strings

The following functions return incorrect results when passed a string longer than 255 characters:[82]

  • type() incorrectly returns 16, meaning "Error value"
  • IsText(), when chosen as a method of the VBA object WorksheetFunction (i.east., WorksheetFunction.IsText() in VBA), incorrectly returns "simulated".

Filenames

Microsoft Excel will not open two documents with the same name and instead volition display the following error:

A document with the name '%s' is already open. You cannot open up two documents with the same proper name, even if the documents are in dissimilar folders. To open the second document, either close the document that is currently open, or rename 1 of the documents.[83]

The reason is for calculation ambiguity with linked cells. If there is a cell ='[Book1.xlsx]Sheet1'!$G$33, and there are two books named "Book1" open, in that location is no way to tell which one the user means.[84]

Versions

Early history

Microsoft originally marketed a spreadsheet program chosen Multiplan in 1982. Multiplan became very pop on CP/M systems, but on MS-DOS systems information technology lost popularity to Lotus ane-2-3. Microsoft released the kickoff version of Excel for the Macintosh on September 30, 1985, and the first Windows version was 2.05 (to synchronize with the Macintosh version ii.2) in November 1987.[85] Lotus was slow to bring 1-2-iii to Windows and by the early 1990s, Excel had started to outsell i-2-3 and helped Microsoft accomplish its position as a leading PC software developer. This achievement solidified Microsoft as a valid competitor and showed its future of developing GUI software. Microsoft maintained its advantage with regular new releases, every 2 years or so.

Microsoft Windows

Excel two.0 is the get-go version of Excel for the Intel platform. Versions prior to 2.0 were merely bachelor on the Apple Macintosh.

Excel 2.0 (1987)

The first Windows version was labeled "2" to represent to the Mac version. This included a run-time version of Windows.[86]

BYTE in 1989 listed Excel for Windows as amid the "Distinction" winners of the BYTE Awards. The magazine stated that the port of the "extraordinary" Macintosh version "shines", with a user interface every bit good every bit or amend than the original.

Excel 3.0 (1990)

Included toolbars, cartoon capabilities, outlining, add-in support, 3D charts, and many more than new features.[86]

Excel iv.0 (1992)

Introduced auto-fill up.[87]

Also, an easter egg in Excel 4.0 reveals a hidden animation of a dancing set of numbers 1 through 3, representing Lotus one-ii-3, which is then crushed by an Excel logo.[88]

Excel v.0 (1993)

With version 5.0, Excel has included Visual Basic for Applications (VBA), a programming language based on Visual Basic which adds the ability to automate tasks in Excel and to provide user-defined functions (UDF) for employ in worksheets. VBA includes a fully featured integrated development surroundings (IDE). Macro recording can produce VBA code replicating user deportment, thus assuasive unproblematic automation of regular tasks. VBA allows the creation of forms and in‑worksheet controls to communicate with the user. The linguistic communication supports use (simply not creation) of ActiveX (COM) DLL's; subsequently versions add back up for form modules allowing the use of basic object-oriented programming techniques.

The automation functionality provided past VBA made Excel a target for macro viruses. This caused serious problems until antivirus products began to observe these viruses. Microsoft belatedly took steps to forestall the misuse past calculation the ability to disable macros completely, to enable macros when opening a workbook or to trust all macros signed using a trusted certificate.

Versions 5.0 to 9.0 of Excel comprise various Easter eggs, including a "Hall of Tortured Souls", a Doom-like minigame, although since version x Microsoft has taken measures to eliminate such undocumented features from their products.[89]

5.0 was released in a xvi-bit x86 version for Windows 3.1 and later in a 32-fleck version for NT 3.51 (x86/Alpha/PowerPC)

Excel 95 (v7.0)

Released in 1995 with Microsoft Office for Windows 95, this is the first major version later Excel 5.0, every bit there is no Excel half dozen.0 with all of the Office applications standardizing on the same major version number.

Internal rewrite to 32-bits. Nearly no external changes, but faster and more stable.

Excel 97 (v8.0)

Included in Office 97 (for x86 and Blastoff). This was a major upgrade that introduced the paper clip office assistant and featured standard VBA used instead of internal Excel Bones. Information technology introduced the now-removed Natural language labels.

This version of Excel includes a flying simulator as an Easter Egg.

Excel 2000 (v9.0)

Included in Office 2000. This was a small upgrade but introduced an upgrade to the clipboard where information technology can hold multiple objects at once. The Role Assistant, whose frequent unsolicited appearance in Excel 97 had annoyed many users, became less intrusive.

Excel 2002 (v10.0)

Included in Office XP. Very minor enhancements.

Excel 2003 (v11.0)

Included in Role 2003. Minor enhancements, the almost meaning existence the new Tables.

Excel 2007 (v12.0)

Included in Office 2007. This release was a major upgrade from the previous version. Similar to other updated Office products, Excel in 2007 used the new Ribbon bill of fare system. This was unlike from what users were used to, and was met with mixed reactions. One written report reported fairly good acceptance by users except highly experienced users and users of give-and-take processing applications with a classical WIMP interface, but was less convinced in terms of efficiency and organization.[ninety] Notwithstanding, an online survey reported that a majority of respondents had a negative opinion of the modify, with advanced users being "somewhat more negative" than intermediate users, and users reporting a self-estimated reduction in productivity.

Added functionality included the SmartArt set of editable concern diagrams. Also added was an improved direction of named variables through the Name Manager, and much-improved flexibility in formatting graphs, which permit (10, y) coordinate labeling and lines of arbitrary weight. Several improvements to pivot tables were introduced.

As well like other part products, the Office Open XML file formats were introduced, including .xlsm for a workbook with macros and .xlsx for a workbook without macros.[91]

Specifically, many of the size limitations of previous versions were greatly increased. To illustrate, the number of rows was now ane,048,576 (220) and columns was sixteen,384 (214; the far-right column is XFD). This changes what is a valid A1 reference versus a named range. This version made more than extensive employ of multiple cores for the calculation of spreadsheets; even so, VBA macros are not handled in parallel and XLL add together‑ins were only executed in parallel if they were thread-safe and this was indicated at registration.

Excel 2010 (v14.0)

Microsoft Excel 2010 running on Windows 7

Included in Part 2010, this is the side by side major version afterward v12.0, as version number 13 was skipped.

Minor enhancements and 64-bit support,[92] including the following:

  • Multi-threading recalculation (MTR) for commonly used functions
  • Improved pin tables
  • More conditional formatting options
  • Boosted prototype editing capabilities
  • In-cell charts called sparklines
  • Ability to preview before pasting
  • Role 2010 backstage feature for document-related tasks
  • Ability to customize the Ribbon
  • Many new formulas, most highly specialized to improve accurateness[93]

Excel 2013 (v15.0)

Included in Office 2013, along with a lot of new tools included in this release:

  • Improved Multi-threading and Memory Contention
  • FlashFill[94]
  • Power View[95]
  • Power Pin[96]
  • Timeline Slicer
  • Windows App
  • Enquire[97]
  • 50 new functions[98]

Excel 2016 (v16.0)

Included in Part 2016, forth with a lot of new tools included in this release:

  • Power Query integration
  • Read-only fashion for Excel
  • Keyboard access for Pivot Tables and Slicers in Excel
  • New Chart Types
  • Quick information linking in Visio
  • Excel forecasting functions
  • Back up for multi-choice of Slicer items using touch
  • Time group and Pivot Chart Drill Downward
  • Excel information cards[99]

Excel 2019, Part 365 and subsequent (v16.0)

Microsoft no longer releases Part or Excel in discrete versions. Instead, features are introduced automatically over fourth dimension using Windows Update. The version number remains 16.0. Thereafter simply the approximate dates when features announced can now be given.

  • Dynamic Arrays. These are substantially Assortment Formulas but they "Spill" automatically into neighboring cells and does non demand the ctrl-shift-enter to create them. Farther, dynamic arrays are the default format, with new "@" and "#" operators to provide compatibility with previous versions. This is perhaps the biggest structural alter since 2007, and is in response to a similar feature in Google Sheets. Dynamic arrays started appearing in pre-releases almost 2018, and as of March 2020 are bachelor in published versions of Role 365 provided a user selected "Part Insiders".

Apple Macintosh

Microsoft Excel for Mac 2011

  • 1985 Excel 1.0
  • 1988 Excel 1.5
  • 1989 Excel 2.2
  • 1990 Excel 3.0
  • 1992 Excel 4.0
  • 1993 Excel 5.0 (part of Office 4.ten—Final Motorola 680x0 version[100] and showtime PowerPC version)
  • 1998 Excel 8.0 (office of Office 98)
  • 2000 Excel ix.0 (part of Office 2001)
  • 2001 Excel ten.0 (part of Office v. X)
  • 2004 Excel xi.0 (function of Office 2004)
  • 2008 Excel 12.0 (part of Office 2008)
  • 2010 Excel 14.0 (office of Office 2011)
  • 2015 Excel 15.0 (role of Office 2016—Function 2016 for Mac brings the Mac version much closer to parity with its Windows cousin, harmonizing many of the reporting and high-level developer functions, while bringing the ribbon and styling into line with its PC counterpart.)[101]

OS/2

  • 1989 Excel 2.2
  • 1990 Excel 2.3
  • 1991 Excel 3.0

Mobile

Excel Mobile is a spreadsheet program that can edit XLSX files. It tin edit and format text in cells, calculate formulas, search within the spreadsheet, sort rows and columns, freeze panes, filter the columns, add comments, and create charts. It can't add together columns or rows except at the border of the document, rearrange columns or rows, delete rows or columns, or add together spreadsheet tabs.[102] [103] [104] [105] [106] [107] The 2007 version has the ability to apply a total-screen style to deal with limited screen resolution, as well as dissever panes to view different parts of a worksheet at in one case.[105] Protection settings, zoom settings, autofilter settings, certain chart formatting, hidden sheets, and other features are non supported on Excel Mobile, and volition be modified upon opening and saving a workbook.[106] In 2015, Excel Mobile became available for Windows 10 and Windows 10 Mobile on Windows Shop.[108] [109]

Summary

Fable: Old version, not maintained Older version, still maintained Current stable version Latest preview version Future release
Microsoft Excel for Windows release history
Year Name Version Comments
1987 Excel ii Former version, no longer maintained: ii.0 Renumbered to 2 to represent with contemporary Macintosh version. Supported macros (afterwards known as Excel 4 macros).
1990 Excel 3 Sometime version, no longer maintained: 3.0 Added 3D graphing capabilities
1992 Excel 4 Quondam version, no longer maintained: 4.0 Introduced automobile-fill feature
1993 Excel v One-time version, no longer maintained: 5.0 Included Visual Basic for Applications (VBA) and various object-oriented options
1995 Excel 95 Old version, no longer maintained: 7.0 Renumbered for gimmicky Word version. Both programs were packaged in Microsoft Office by this time.
1997 Excel 97 Former version, no longer maintained: 8.0
2000 Excel 2000 One-time version, no longer maintained: 9.0 Part of Microsoft Office 2000, which was itself part of Windows Millennium (also known as "Windows ME").
2002 Excel 2002 Old version, no longer maintained: x.0
2003 Excel 2003 Onetime version, no longer maintained: 11.0 Released simply i twelvemonth later to correspond better with the residue of Microsoft Function (Word, PowerPoint, etc.).
2007 Excel 2007 Old version, no longer maintained: 12.0
2010 Excel 2010 Old version, no longer maintained: fourteen.0 Due to superstitions surrounding the number 13, Excel 13 was skipped in version counting.
2013 Excel 2013 Older version, yet still maintained: fifteen.0 Introduced 50 more mathematical functions (bachelor as pre-packaged commands, rather than typing the formula manually).
2016 Excel 2016 Current stable version: 16.0 Part of Microsoft Office 2016
Microsoft Excel for Macintosh release history
Year Name Version Comments
1985 Excel 1 Sometime version, no longer maintained: 1.0 Initial version of Excel. Supported macros (later known as Excel four macros).
1988 Excel 1.5 Erstwhile version, no longer maintained: 1.5
1989 Excel two Old version, no longer maintained: 2.2
1990 Excel 3 Old version, no longer maintained: 3.0
1992 Excel 4 One-time version, no longer maintained: 4.0
1993 Excel v Erstwhile version, no longer maintained: 5.0 Just bachelor on PowerPC-based Macs. Starting time PowerPC version.
1998 Excel 98 Old version, no longer maintained: 8.0 Excel 6 and Excel seven were skipped to correspond with the rest of Microsoft Function at the time.
2000 Excel 2000 Sometime version, no longer maintained: ix.0
2001 Excel 2001 Old version, no longer maintained: ten.0
2004 Excel 2004 Old version, no longer maintained: xi.0
2008 Excel 2008 Old version, no longer maintained: 12.0
2011 Excel 2011 Quondam version, no longer maintained: 14.0 Every bit with the Windows version, version 13 was skipped for superstitious reasons.
2016 Excel 2016 Current stable version: xvi.0 As with the residual of Microsoft Office, so it is for Excel: Future release dates for the Macintosh version are intended to correspond amend to those for the Windows version, from 2016 onward.
Microsoft Excel for OS/2 release history
Year Name Version Comments
1989 Excel ii.ii Old version, no longer maintained: two.2 Numbered in between Windows versions at the time
1990 Excel 2.3 Onetime version, no longer maintained: 2.3
1991 Excel 3 Old version, no longer maintained: three.0 Final Os/2 version. Discontinued subseries of Microsoft Excel, which is otherwise still an actively developed programme.

Impact

Excel offers many user interface tweaks over the earliest electronic spreadsheets; however, the essence remains the aforementioned as in the original spreadsheet software, VisiCalc: the program displays cells organized in rows and columns, and each cell may incorporate data or a formula, with relative or accented references to other cells.

Excel 2.0 for Windows, which was modeled after its Mac GUI-based counterpart, indirectly expanded the installed base of the then-nascent Windows environment. Excel 2.0 was released a month before Windows ii.0, and the installed base of Windows was so low at that point in 1987 that Microsoft had to bundle a runtime version of Windows ane.0 with Excel 2.0.[110] Unlike Microsoft Discussion, in that location never was a DOS version of Excel.

Excel became the first spreadsheet to allow the user to define the advent of spreadsheets (fonts, character attributes, and cell appearance). It besides introduced intelligent cell re-computation, where only cells dependent on the cell being modified are updated (previous spreadsheet programs recomputed everything all the time or waited for a specific user command). Excel introduced auto-make full, the power to drag and expand the selection box to automatically copy a cell or row contents to adjacent cells or rows, adjusting the copies intelligently by automatically incrementing jail cell references or contents. Excel also introduced all-encompassing graphing capabilities.

Security

Because Excel is widely used, it has been attacked by hackers. While Excel is not directly exposed to the Internet, if an assaulter can become a victim to open up a file in Excel, and there is an appropriate security bug in Excel, and then the attacker can gain control of the victim'south estimator.[111] UK's GCHQ has a tool named TORNADO ALLEY with this purpose.[112] [113]

Meet also

  • Comparing of spreadsheet software
  • Comparing of hazard analysis Microsoft Excel add together-ins
  • Numbers (spreadsheet)—the iWork equivalent
  • Spreadmart

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General sources

  • Bullen, Stephen; Bovey, Rob; Green, John (2009). Professional Excel Evolution: The Definitive Guide to Developing Applications Using Microsoft Excel and VBA (2nd ed.). Boston: Addison Wesley. ISBN978-0-321-50879-ix.
  • Dodge, Mark; Stinson, Craig (2007). Microsoft Office Excel 2007 Inside Out. Redmond, Wash.: Microsoft Press. ISBN978-0-7356-2321-7.
  • Billo, E. Joseph (2011). Excel for Chemists: A Comprehensive Guide (tertiary ed.). Hoboken, Northward.J.: John Wiley & Sons. ISBN978-0-470-38123-half dozen.

External links

  • Microsoft Excel – official site

vaughnwhistre.blogspot.com

Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsoft_Excel

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